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春运要来了，出行必看→******

　　近日，国务院应对新型冠状病毒感染疫情联防联控机制春运工作专班组织制定《2023年春运平安健康出行服务指引》。2023年综合运输春运从1月7日开始，至2月15日结束，共40天。这份安全提示，一起了解↓↓↓

　　个人出行：加强全过程防护

　　勤洗手、少聚集，科学佩戴口罩，做好个人卫生。疫情流行期间减少聚集性活动。

　　出现发热等症状时，及时进行抗原或核酸检测。感染后或发热等症状未消失前，避免乘坐公共交通工具。疫情流行期间或疫情严重时，倡导患有基础疾病的老年人及孕妇、儿童等减少出行，降低自身及家人感染风险。

　　密切关注目的地疫情流行情况，科学制定出行计划，合理选择出行方式和出行时间，理性错峰避峰出行，尽量减少聚集，降低感染风险。

　　进出站、购票、安检、候乘、登乘、换乘期间尽量保持人际距离、减少聚集。出行全过程佩戴口罩，注意咳嗽礼仪，做好手卫生，具备条件的分散就坐。有慢性基础病的乘客，根据需要随身携带对症药品。

　　倡导优先通过互联网、手机客户端、小程序等方式购票，优先采用手机、扫码等手段支付。

　　自觉抵制超员、超载、非法营运等行为，不乘坐农用车、货车。

　　自驾出行：强化旅行途中防护

　　出行前密切关注自身和家人健康状况，出现发热等症状时及时进行抗原或核酸检测。未排除感染风险前或出现发热等症状时，倡导暂缓出行。疫情流行期间或疫情严重时，不建议老年人、孕妇和儿童等免疫力较弱的人群进行长途旅行。

　　做好出行物品准备。根据出行距离和天气情况，提前准备必要的生活物资和防疫物资，慢性基础病患者根据需要随身携带对症药品。

　　出行途中做好全过程健康防护，加强车辆通风消毒，保持合理人际距离，做好手卫生。在服务区下车休息时，戴口罩，不聚集、不扎堆，减少逗留时间；到餐饮区就餐时进行手消毒，尽量保持人际距离，不能满足间隔用餐条件时，倡导打包至室外用餐。在收费站通过人工窗口缴费时，戴好口罩。

　　营运驾驶人员：加强自我健康监测

　　坚持健康生活方式，保持生活规律和充足睡眠。工作之外尽量少去人群密集和通风不良场所，减少参加聚会、聚餐等聚集性活动，倡导“两点一线”生活方式。

　　密切关注自身健康状况，如出现发热等症状及时报告单位，开展抗原或核酸检测。有发热等症状或感染后不满7天的，不建议上岗。

　　做好车辆船舶卫生管理，出现乘客呕吐时及时清洁处理。车辆进入高速公路服务区休息时，及时开窗通风换气。客运车船在行驶过程中，使用空调外循环模式；具备条件的车船，每趟次运营结束后全面开窗通风。

　　本文来源：央视新闻微信公众号(ID：cctvnewscenter)综合交通运输部

　　监制/徐冰 主编/杜显翰

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）